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Conditions
Find information about kidney conditions in children.
Topics cover:
symptoms and complications
causes
tests to diagnose or find out more
treatments
follow up
what may happen in the future.
Acute kidney injury
Conditions
In AKI, the kidneys suddenly stop working properly over a period of a few days or a few weeks
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Antenatal hydronephrosis
Water on the kidneys
Conditions
While a baby is growing in the womb, one or both kidneys hold on to urine and become swollen - may be short-term or may be caused by another problem
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Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
An introduction
Conditions
A life-long condition in which the kidneys stop working as well as they should over time - a team of healthcare professionals will support your child
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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - Stages 3b - 5
Complications and treatment for late stage CKD
Conditions
At later stages of CKD, there are more symptoms and your child will need specialised treatment
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FSGS and IgM nephropathy
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and and IgM nephropathy - nephrotic syndrome
Conditions
These conditions cause nephrotic syndrome in children - where the kidneys leak too much protein into the urine and lead to swelling in the body
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Glomerulonephritis
An overview
Conditions
A group of conditions in which the kidneys are inflamed and leak blood and protein into the urine
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Haematuria
Blood in the urine
Conditions
Normally there is no blood in urine - your child's doctor will try to find out what is causing this.
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Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (STEC-HUS)
Caused by shiga toxin E coli (STEC) / verocytotoxin E coli (VTEC)
Conditions
STEC-HUS happens in a small number of children after a tummy infection - causing kidney problems and other complications
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Henoch–Schönlein purpura (HSP)
with kidney involvement
Conditions
A condition that affects different parts of the body, including the skin, tummy, joints and kidneys
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Hypertension
High blood pressure
Conditions
Hypertension is rare in children, and may be a serious condition. Your child's doctor will try to find out what is causing it.
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IgA nephropathy
Conditions
A type of glomerulonephritis, a condition that causes inflammation in the kidneys, which is usually caused by problems with the immune system
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Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN)
Conditions
A type of glomerulonephritis, a condition that causes inflammation in the kidneys, which is usually caused by problems with the immune system
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Multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK)
A congenital anomaly of the kidneys and urinary tract
Conditions
Instead of a working kidney, an MCDK is made up of a bundle of cysts, which are like sacs filled with liquid
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Nephrotic syndrome
Steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome
Conditions
Nephrotic syndrome happens in children whose kidneys leak too much protein into their urine, and causes swelling in the body
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Nephrotic syndrome - frequently relapsing
An overview
Conditions
If your child's nephrotic syndrome keeps coming back, this is said to be frequently relapsing and may need further treatment
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Post-infectious glomerulonephritis (PIGN)
Also known as post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN)
Conditions
PIGN happens after an infection in some children, leading to blood and protein in the urine and sometimes other complications
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Posterior urethral valves (PUV)
Conditions
Some boys are born with posterior urethral valves (PUV)
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Proteinuria
Protein in the urine
Conditions
Proteinuria means there is an abnormal amount of protein in the urine (wee). Normally there is very little protein that is lost in the urine.
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Renal agenesis
A congenital anomaly of the kidneys and urinary tract
Conditions
One or both kidneys do not develop - these babies have one kidney or no kidneys
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Renal dysplasia
A congenital anomaly of the kidneys and urinary tract
Conditions
One or both kidneys do not fully develop, and the affected kidney does not work as well as normal
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Renal hypoplasia
A congenital anomaly of the kidneys and urinary tract
Conditions
Part of one or both kidneys do not fully develop, and the affected kidney is smaller than normal
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Urinary tract infection (UTI)
including kidney infections
Conditions
Urinary tract infections happen when germs get into the urine (wee) and travel into the urinary tract
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Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and reflux nephropathy
Conditions
In VUR, some urine refluxes back up towards the kidneys - sometimes associated with scars on the kidneys (reflux nephropathy)
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